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Rome History Facts Points of Interest Britannica Browse Search Quizzes Games On This Day Login Subscribe nbsp Now Entertainment Pop Culture Geography Travel Health Medicine Lifestyles Social Issues Literature Philosophy Religion Politics Law Government Science Sports Recreation Technology Visual Arts World Biographies Week In Review Topic Summaries Infographics Demystified Lists WTFact Companions Image Galleries Spotlight Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia s archives in find what happened this week or any history Explains explains a variety topics and answers frequently asked questions Videos has all the to your burning shares some most bizarre facts we can Article Media Additional Info Contents IntroductionCharacter cityLandscapeCity siteClimateCity layoutVia del Corso environsVittorianoChurches palacesPiazza PopoloPiazza di SpagnaVia Vittorio VenetoThe Seven HillsThe PalatineThe CapitolineThe AventineThe CaelianThe EsquilineThe Viminal QuirinalOther hillsThe ForumThe Colosseum Arch ConstantineThe river landsCastel Sant AngeloTrastevereThe lower east bankCampus MartiusRenaissance palacesThe churchesThe great basilicasSt Peter sSan Giovanni LateranoSan Paolo Fuori le MuraSanta Maria MaggioreOther important churchesSan Lorenzo Croce GerusalemmeSan Pietro VincoliGes Santa della VittoriaSant AgostinoThe fountainsPeopleEconomyManufacturing servicesTransportationAdministration societyGovernmentHousing educationHistoryRome antiquityFounding kingdomThe early Roman RepublicCity world powerThe late republicMunicipal reforms AugustusContributions later emperorsSlow decline empireCity popesDecay imperial authorityFactional struggles papacy nobilityEmergence communePeriod Avignon papacyThe city RenaissanceEvolution modern cityRebuilding repopulationDecline fall papal empireCapital united Italy Home amp Cities Towns P-S national capital Print print Please select which sections you would like Table Of Cite Share social media Facebook Twitter URL https www britannica com place More Give Feedback External Websites Corrections Updates Omissions Let us know if have suggestions improve article requires login Type Select type Required Factual Correction Spelling Grammar Link Information Other Your Submit Thank for feedback Our editors will review ve submitted determine whether revise Join Britannica’s Publishing Partner Program our community experts gain global audience work Articles Encyclopedias elementary high school students – Children’s Ages Student up WRITTEN BY Blake Ehrlich See All Contributors Author Paris on Seine London Thames Alternative Title Roma Italian historic provincia province Lazio regione region country is located central portion peninsula Tiber River about miles km inland Tyrrhenian Sea Once an ancient republic empire whose armies polity defined Western antiquity left seemingly indelible imprints thereafter spiritual physical seat Catholic Church site major pinnacles artistic intellectual achievement Eternal City remaining today political religious centre memorial creative imagination past Area square est urban agglom RomeAn aerial view Photodisc ThinkstockRome ItalyRome Encyclop dia Inc Quiz Capitals Can identify capitals quiz ll be shown names countries need cities that each one official de facto Character Explore monuments Renaissance sites RomeTime-lapse video Kirill Neiezhmakov youtube user nk design A For well over millennium controlled destiny civilization known Europe but then it fell into dissolution disrepair Physically mutilated economically paralyzed politically senile militarily impotent by Middle nevertheless remained power as idea The force lawgiver teacher builder continued radiate throughout Although situation popes th century was often precarious knew glory fountainhead Christianity eventually won back its wealth reestablished itself beauty source learning arts contemporary reflects long-standing tension between state last city-state become part unified did so only under duress after invasion troops pope took refuge Vatican made not without protests Florence had been since new filled with ministries barracks Yet church reject authority until compromise reached Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini when both recognized sovereignty other meanwhile created cult personality challenged himself his Party tried re-create glories through massive public works program ColosseumColosseum Flavian Amphitheatre c ad Goodshoot Jupiterimages Since traumas War II occupied Germans politics dominate agenda although regionalism began devolve away Lagging behind Milan Turin maintained peripheral within European economies It also plagued perennial housing shortages traffic congestion However st centuries brought increased efforts resolve infrastructural problems foster cultural revival BenitoBenito Photos Thinkstock Get exclusive access content First Edition subscription Load Next Page Inspire inbox ndash Sign daily fun day updates special offers Enter email By signing are 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