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settlementUrban settlementDemographic trendsEconomyGeneral considerationsBackgroundThe role governmentAgriculture forestry fishingAgricultureForestry fishingResources powerMineralsMining quarryingPowerManufacturingFinanceBankingSecuritiesTradeExternal tradeExportsImportsInternal tradeLabour taxationTrade unions employers associationsTaxationTransportation telecommunicationsRoadsRailwaysPort facilitiesAir transportTelecommunicationsGovernment societyConstitutional frameworkLocal governmentJusticePolitical processElectionsPolitical partiesSecurityArmed forcesPoliceHealth welfareHealthWelfareHousingEducationDevelopment modern systemSystem organizationPrimary secondary educationHigher educationContinuing educationCultural lifeCultural milieuInfluencesAestheticsThe artsTraditional formsWestern formsCultural institutionsDaily life social customsPopular cultureCuisineSocial customsSports recreationMedia publishingBooks magazinesThe pressRadio televisionHistoryAncient Prehistoric JapanPre-Ceramic cultureJ mon culture c bce The Yayoi period ce Chinese chroniclesThe Tumulus Tomb unification nationThe Yamato courtRise expansion YamatoThe polityYamato relations with Korean statesYamato decline introduction BuddhismThe age reform idealized government Prince Sh tokuThe Taika reformsThe ritsury systemThe Nara Beginning imperial stateCulture periodThe Heian Changes governmentAristocratic at its peakGovernment by cloistered emperorsThe rise warrior classMedieval JapanThe Kamakura establishment governmentThe H j regencyThe Mongol invasionsSamurai groups farming villagesKamakura new Buddhism influenceDecline societyThe Muromachi Ashikaga Kemmu Restoration dual dynastiesThe bakufuMuromachi structureThe growth local autonomyTrade between China nin War Sengoku Warring States emergence forces arrival EuropeansThe cultureEarly UnificationThe Oda regimeThe Hideyoshi regimeAzuchi-Momoyama cultureThe bakuhan enforcement national seclusionThe Tokugawa status systemCommerce cities weakening systemPolitical bakufu hanThe northern problemNew learning thoughtHeterodox Confucian schoolsShint kokugakuWestern studiesGrowth popular knowledgeReligious attitudesThe maturity Edo last years bakuhanThe Temp opening JapanJapan Meiji restorationThe fall TokugawaFrom feudal stateAbolition feudalismConstitutional movementThe JapanForeign affairsThe Sino-Japanese WarThe Russo-Japanese WarJapanese expansionismConstitutional governmentSocial changeThe militaristsThe party governmentAggression ManchuriaThe road IIEvents ChinaForeign relationsWorld II defeatPrologue warEarly successesJapan on defensiveThe end warJapan since early postwar decadesOccupationPolitical reformEconomic changesEducational reformsPolitical trendsThe era rapid growthEconomic transformationSocial changePolitical developmentsInternational relationsThe late th st centuriesEconomic developmentsSocial changeInternational relationsEmperors empresses regnant JapanPrime ministers Home Countries Print print Please select which sections you would like Table Of Cite Share media Facebook Twitter URL https www britannica com place More Give Feedback External Websites Corrections Updates Omissions Let us know if have suggestions improve article requires login Type Select type Required Factual Correction Spelling Grammar Link Information Other Your Submit Thank for feedback Our editors will review ve submitted determine whether revise Join Britannica’s Publishing Partner Program our community experts gain global audience work Catholic – Official Tourism Site city Osaka Central Intelligence Agency Factbook Embassy Denmark CRW Flags Articles Encyclopedias elementary high school students Children’s Ages Student up WRITTEN BY Takeshi Toyoda See All Contributors Historian Professor Tohoku University Sendai sei Tokyo Author A Pre-Meiji Commerce others Last Updated Nov Alternative Titles Nihon Nippon island country lying off east coast Asia It consists great string islands northeast-southwest arc that stretches approximately miles km through western North Pacific Ocean Nearly entire land area is taken four main north south are Hokkaido Hokkaid Honshu Honsh Shikoku Kyushu Ky sh largest followed size addition there numerous smaller Ryukyu Nansei Islands including Okinawa west Izu Bonin Ogasawara Volcano Kazan central capital T ky east-central one world populous JapanJapanEncyclop dia Inc Quiz Oceans Across Fact Fiction Is reef feature ocean Does Atlantic deepest water Sort see how deep knowledge goes quiz oceans Japanese landscape rugged more than four-fifths surface consisting mountains There many active dormant volcanoes Mount Fuji Fuji-san an elevation feet metres highest mountain Abundant precipitation generally mild temperatures throughout produced lush vegetation cover despite mountainous terrain poor soils made it possible raise crops large extent ethnically homogeneous population heavily concentrated low-lying areas along JapanEncyclop side Yamanashi prefecture Okuda Aspect Picture Library London Complexity contrast keynotes possessing intricate ancient cultural tradition yet emerged as economically technologically advanced societies Heavy emphasis placed education literate countries Tension old apparent phases characteristic sensitivity natural beauty concern form balance evident such well ubiquitous gardens Even countryside however impact Westernization aspects agricultural regions characterized low densities well-ordered rice fields fruit orchards whereas industrial urbanized belt noted highly heavy industrialization environmental pollution Kinkaku Temple Golden Pavilion was originally built century present structure dates Consulate General New YorkTrain S bu Line passing Akihabara district renowned discount stores selling electric electronic products Stock Market Ben Simmons Humans occupied tens thousands but recorded begins only mention sources Contact Korea centuries brought profound changes writing system artistic forms continent first steps political occurred under court civilization then developed Heian-ky now seven thereafter were domination military rulers culminating near isolation outside mid- Get exclusive access content First Edition subscription today reopening ushered contact West time unprecedented change sought become industrialized nation pursued acquisition overseas empire initially By latter policy caused direct confrontation United allies defeat Since war spectacular economic greatest forefront economy foremost manufacturing traders goods financial leader Akira Watanabe Gil Latz Land bounded Sea East separates eastern shores South southeastern Siberia Russia La Perouse ya Strait separating Russian-held Sakhalin Island Okhotsk northeast southern Kuril Soviet Russian administration southwest Tsushima lies northwestern defines Relief character outcome orogenic mountain-building largely during Quaternary roughly past million evidenced frequent occurrence violent earthquakes volcanic activity signs sea levels no sizable structural plains peneplains leveled erosion features usually occur stable Earth part youthful stage dissection steep slopes incised dense river-valley networks Rivers mostly torrential their valleys accompanied series river terraces result movements crust climatic sea-level Holocene times i e Recent juxtaposed dissected ones elevated depressed headlands bays display incipient development Cliffs jimb Point Fukui Akiharu Fujikura Bon divided into small blocks separated lowlands saddles long continuous range These intense faulting movement adjacent rock masses fracture warping bending former process regarded dominant One consequence often fault scarps flexure descend step formation Coalescing alluvial fans cone-shaped deposits alluvium run together formed where rivers emerge When enough extend courses deltaic develop front occurs empty shallow sheltered deltas Kant Kwanto N bi saka places fan surfaces plunge directly sandy beach ridges Dissected common Intense disturbances bottoms be substantially uplifted flat-topped uplands those found Plain Frequently been overlain ash Tokachi flag JapanNational anthem nameNihon Form governmentconstitutional monarchy Diet two legislative houses House Councillors Representatives Symbol stateEmperor NaruhitoHead governmentPrime Minister Suga YoshihideCapitalTokyoOfficial languagenone religionnoneMonetary unityen Currency Exchange Rate USD equals yenPopulation est rank projection Total sq mi Density persons per Urban-rural populationUrban Rural Life expectancy birthMale yearsFemale yearsLiteracy percentage over literateMale Female GNI U capita language did Japan’s women blacken teeth dye called ohaguro publications sold manga never signed peace treaty conflict Consuming fugu poisonous blowfish delicacy illegal royalty Load Next Page Inspire inbox ndash Sign daily fun about day updates special offers Enter email signing agreeing news information Encyclopaedia Click here view Privacy Notice Easy unsubscribe links provided 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