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Evaluation – Wikipedia From the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation search A systematic determination of a subject’s merit worth and significance This article is about characterizing appraising something interest For other uses see disambiguation using criteria governed by set standards It can assist an organization program design project or any intervention initiative assess aim realisable concept proposal alternative help in decision-making ascertain degree achievement value regard objectives results such action that has been completed The primary purpose evaluation addition gaining insight into prior existing initiatives enable reflection identification future change often used characterize appraise subjects wide range human enterprises including arts criminal justice foundations non-profit organizations government health care services long term done at end period time Contents Definition Purpose Discussion Standards Perspectives Approaches Classification approaches Summary Pseudo-evaluation Objectivist elite quasi-evaluation mass true Subjectivist Subject Client-centered Methods techniques See also References External links edit structured interpretation giving meaning predicted actual impacts proposals looks original what either was accomplished how it So be formative taking place during development with intention improving effectiveness organisation summative drawing lessons from later point circumstance inherently theoretically informed approach whether explicitly not consequently particular definition would have tailored its context theory needs methodology process itself Having said this defined as rigorous meticulous application scientific methods implementation improvement outcomes resource-intensive frequently requiring resources evaluate expertise labor sizable budget critical assessment objective manner possible which service component parts fulfills stated goals St Leger Wordsworth-Bell failed verification focus on attaining knowledge scientifically quantitatively measuring predetermined external concepts study designed some audience object’s Stufflebeam In facts well laden judgments programs main determine quality formulating judgment Marthe Hurteau Sylvain Houle phanie Mongiat An view projects evaluators stakeholders funders will all potentially different ideas best since each may ‘merit’ core problem thus defining perspective contested use describe investigation whilst others simply understand being synonymous applied research There are two function considering Formative Evaluations provide information product Summative short-term long-term impact deciding adoption Not evaluations serve same monitoring rather than focusing solely measurable findings full list types difficult compile because part unified theoretical framework number disciplines include management organisational policy analysis education sociology social anthropology However strict adherence methodological assumptions make field more acceptable mainstream but work towards preventing developing new strategies for dealing myriad problems face claimed only minority reports evaluand client Datta One justification when challenged utilization clients found inferences weak warrants unconvincing Fournier Smith Some reasons situation failure evaluator establish shared aims creating overly ambitious failing compromise incorporate cultural differences individuals within None these due lack attempting impose predisposed notions definitions central reason poor arguably whom tailoring suit predefined idea House standard require arriving applicable ways asking stating questions ethics agent-principal privacy stakeholder limited liability could-the-money-be-spent-more-wisely issues section cleanup meet Wikipedia’s No specified Please improve if you March Learn remove template message Depending topic there professional groups review rigor processes Evaluating regarding their they implemented ethically challenging Evaluators encounter complex culturally specific systems resistant Furthermore invested outcome Finally themselves conflict COI experience interference pressure present support General codes conduct determined employing usually cover three broad aspects behavioral inter-collegial relations respect diversity operational competence documentation accuracy appropriate conflicts nepotism accepting gifts kinds favoritism guidelines evaluator’s role utilized unique ethical challenges required Joint Committee Educational developed personnel student broken four sections Utility Feasibility Propriety Accuracy Various European institutions prepared own less related those produced They basing inquiry integrity people general public welfare American Association created Guiding Principles order principles does imply priority among them vary run follows Systematic Inquiry data-based inquiries whatever evaluated requires data collection defensible choice indicators lends credibility Findings credible demonstrably evidence-based reliable valid pertains employed consistent provides dependable utility obtained comprehensive timely serves maximal benefit Competence competent performance teams comprise combination competencies varied available scope capability Integrity Honesty ensure honesty entire key element principle freedom bias underscored impartiality independence transparency Independence attained through ensuring upheld conclusions influenced pressured another party avoidance stake conclusion Conflict issue particularly where funding provided bodies seen compromising Whilst acknowledged familiar agencies involved planning declaration should made benefits association maintained against pressures brought bear example wishing modify appears effective verify Impartiality fair thorough strengths weaknesses input presented without transparent proportionate persuasive link between recommendations Thus delimit evidence mechanism internal Such significant terms cost sensitivity based demonstrable Transparency aware occurs purposes Access document facilitated easily readable clear explanations methodologies sources costs incurred Respect People security dignity self-worth respondents participants interact pertinent regards who impacted upon Protection includes consent upholding confidentiality identity sensitive protected customs beliefs activities Examples demonstrated respecting local e g dress peoples minimizing demands others’ Where wish objections office procedures lodging complaints queries accessible Responsibilities Public Welfare articulate take account interests values documents wider discussion feedback enabled international I M F World Bank independent functions various funds programmes United Nations mix semi-independent self-evaluation organized system-wide UN Group UNEG works together strengthen norms group OECD-DAC endeavors units major multinational banks MDBs Cooperation greater MDB accountability share promote harmonization collaboration word connotations raising type conducted why integrated awareness factors inherent critically examine influences involve gathering analyzing relative Michael Quinn Patton motivated procedure directed Activities Characteristics Outcomes making Improving Informed programming decisions Founded Thomson Hoffman encountered could considered advisable instance event unpredictable unsound lacking routine concerned parties unable reach agreement influencer manager refusing relevant important exist several conceptually distinct thinking designing conducting efforts Many today truly contributions solving while refine way Two classifications Webster combined manageable underlying clarification needed considers common ideology entitled liberal democracy Important uniqueness individual empirical grounded objectivity He contends subjectivist subjective intuitive form utilitarian good maximizes single explicit happiness society whole Another intuitionist pluralist no assumed interpretations need nor justified These positions corresponding epistemologies philosophies obtaining objectivist epistemology associated ethic acquire externally verified intersubjective publicly exposed personal experiences tacit inspection then divides epistemological political perspectives Firstly managers professionals consumers participatory one according orientation toward consideration promotes positive negative object regardless actually might call pseudo-evaluation answers specifically primarily intended When above simultaneously fifteen identified politically controlled studies represented Six Five experimental testing objectives-based content Accountability takes Seven included decision-oriented Consumer-oriented accreditation certification connoisseur adversary client-centered following table summarize attributes organizer represents considerations cues practitioners organize desired very level Strengths represent narrative highlights grouped Approach Attribute Organizer Key Politically Threats Get keep increase influence power money Secure advantageous Violates amp frank disclosure Propaganda Create image most likely bolster balanced reporting Experimental Causal relationships Determine causal variables Strongest paradigm determining Requires setting limits focuses Management Scientific efficiency Continuously supply fund direct control Gives detailed Human rarely amenable narrow quantitative Testing Individual Compare test scores selected Produces many areas Very Data testee overemphasizes test-taking skills sample taught expected Objectives-based Objectives Relates Common sense appeal widely technologies Leads terminal too basis judging Content communication Describe draw Allows unobtrusive large volumes unstructured symbolic materials Sample unrepresentative yet overwhelming volume Analysis simplistic question Performance expectations Provide constituents accurate accounting Popular Aimed products Creates unrest Politics forces premature Decision-oriented Decisions base defending Encourages plan implement Helps justify plans actions Necessary decision-maker opportunity Policy Broad Identify potential competing policies direction broadly focused Often corrupted subverted Generalized effects Judge merits goods Independent appraisal protect shoddy High Might do better job Accreditation approved perform qualifications typically emphasize intrinsic exclusion measures Connoisseur Critical guideposts Critically illuminate Exploits highly subject Can inspire insightful Dependent small experts susceptible subjectivity corruption Adversary Hot Present pro cons Ensures balances presentations discourage cooperation heighten animosities Specific concerns Foster understanding valued given variety Practitioners helped Low favor Note Adapted condensed Although both seek misrepresent differently Information released withheld special holder whereas creates Despite real scenarios neither practice As five respected disciplined legitimately addressing produce characterizations producing appraisals although Each discussed roughly extent ideal stylized sufficiently responsive dynamically changing MISs give dynamic operations restricted readily quantifiable regular intervals just anyone attended school served military worked company comparing adequately relate prespecified allowing attainment Unfortunately proven statements Instead analyses On hand popular quickly turn adversaries heavy-handed fashion close guidance identifying assessing drawback judge generalized along necessarily self-study peer insights qualified established applicant unless performance-based applicants overemphasized relation refined intimately light find unbiased out pros controversial quasi-legal proceedings helps presentation contesting winners losers emerge address lead low favorable participated methodologically diverse qualitative case survey statistical model building Accelerated aging Action Advanced Alternative Appreciative Assessment Axiomatic Benchmarking Case Change Clinical trial Cohort Competitor Consensus Consensus-seeking Conversation Cost-benefit mining Delphi Technique Design Focused Discourse Electronic portfolio Environmental scanning Ethnography Experiment Factor Factorial experiment Field Fixtureless in-circuit Focus Force Game Goal-free Grading Historical method Interview Iterative Marketing Meta-analysis Metrics Most technique Multivariate statistics Naturalistic observation Observational Opinion polling Organizational learning Outcome mapping Participant Participatory pathways Post occupancy Process Project Qualitative Quality audit circle system Quantitative Questionnaire construction Review Root cause Rubrics Sampling Self-assessment Sigma Standardized Statistical Statistics Strategic Structured interviewing Systems Student Theory Total Triangulation Wizard Oz Monitoring governments NGOs ongoing past Competency means teachers ability students besides standardized educational Immanent opposed Gilles Deleuze language stands contrast Program essentially ‘works’ Donald Kirkpatrick’s Model training Rating Efficiently updatable neural network Staff What Is International Center Alcohol Policies Balance Partnership Archived Retrieved May Sarah del Tufo WHAT Trust Scriven Stake R E ed Curriculum Chicago Rand McNally Research monograph series Ross P H Ellipse W Freeman th Thousand Oaks Sage ISBN b c d Reeve J Paperboy D Understanding limitations tool organizational Health Education Journal doi S How Legitimate Justified Judgments designshop teaching Learning Technologies Virginia Tech Alkin Ellett p Potter C Psychology art South African HGGFGYR f h David Todd GEF Office Ethical Guidelines PDF Washington DC States Global Environment Facility News Events October July AMERICAN EVALUATION ASSOCIATION GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR EVALUATORS April Home Institute Results Ethics expect your DAC Network Development OECD Better Lives website ECG Assumptions models Researcher L OCLC Evaluationat sister Definitions Wiktionary Media Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Quotations 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